Research Paper on Skype Essay Example

Research Paper on Skype Essay Skype is free proprietary software with a closed source code that provides text, voice, and video communications over the Internet between computers (IP-telephony), optionally using peer to peer technology, as well as paid services for calls to mobile and landline devices. Skype had had 663 million users by the end of 2010. Most developers and 44 % of employees work in the General Division of Tallinn and Tartu, Estonia. The software also allows to make a conference call (up to 25 users, including the initiator) and video calls (including a video conference, up to 10 subscribers). In addition, it provides text messaging (IM), and file transfer. There is an opportunity to transmit video captured from user’s desktop instead of an video from a webcam, as well as to create and send video messages to users of the software desktop versions. Software clients Skype released for Mac OS X, Windows, Linux, Windows Phone, iOS, Android, Open webOS, PSP, Xbox 360, Maemo, PlayStation Vita, Blackberry, and Symbian. There is also a version for Java and for Kindle Fire HD. The Skype Technologies Company was founded in 2003 by Swede Niklas Zennstremom and Dane Janus Friis. Estonian programmers Ahti Heinla, Priit Kazesalu, and Jaan Tallinn, who previously created file-sharing program KaZaA, participated in creating the Skype software. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Skype specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Skype specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Skype specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The first version (0.97, 0.98) became available for downloading in the September-October 2003, on the site, declared as Swedish. The software had a simple interface that was originally adapted for the voice communication, in contrast to the messengers like ICQ and MSN Messenger. During installation, Skype chose the language of the locale Windows version and had a quick and simple registration form, in contrast to competing programs. The simplicity of installation and usability of the program quickly attracted the attention of a large number of users. Version 1.2 first included the answering machine (Voicemail), and starting with version 1.3, any user could leave messages to other users, even if they did not use this service. In version 1.2, SkypeIn became available, which allows to connect Skype account with users’ phone number. Starting with version 1.4, the opportunity to redirect calls to other Skype accounts, as well as landline phones, became available. Version 2.0 introduced video calls, and since the version 2.5 user have had the ability to send SMS, organize SkypeCast (this technology is officially off with a Sept. 1, 2008), and integrate the software with Microsoft Outlook. Version 3 introduced a SkypeFind service, which allowed users to create a list of companies and give them a description. He is now largely filled with spam. You can find all the information you need for your research proposal or research report using free example research topics on Skype, which you can easily find on the Internet. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research paper on Skype topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all research paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Great whites essays

Great whites essays Sharks have a bad reputation as blood thirsty killers, but only a few are dangerous. Attacks on people are very rare. For example in the last thirty-two years there were only forty-two great white shark attacks and only four were fatal. That is one death in eight years. Road accident kill thousands, but they dont exterminate the car. People are more likely to die in a car accident or drown in the ocean . Surfers are more at risk. Attacks on surfers happen near seal or sea lion breeding colonies. When surfers dangle their arms and legs over the edge of their surfboards, the sharks think that they look like seals because of their similar shapes from below . Mesh nets are used to protect beaches. Trapped sharks suffocate. When a shark cant swim it cant keep water flowing through its gills. Over 1,400 sharks are caught each year. Many of these sharks are harmless. The nets also catch and kill dolphins, sea lions, birds, turtles and rays. After three weeks they need to be replaced. With seaweed and other marine growth, they are easily seen and avoided by sharks. They also use interlocking chain nets, but they are so expensive that they are only used to protect small areas. Chemical repellents have also been tried but dont work well because they get washed away .Test are being done to see if electrical barriers can be used . Sharks are very sensitive to electric current. The seals in the breeding colonies usually stick together. When they do that the sharks usually leave them alone. There are thousands of baby seals born each year and hundreds die of starvation and diseases. The mothers go out to find food and leave the babies by themselves for days at a time. Sometimes the babies get swept into the sea or wander away from the seal raft (which is when all the seals swim together). It is then that the baby seals get attacked. It is survival of the fittest a...

Net External Wealth and Real Exchange Rate Essay

Net External Wealth and Real Exchange Rate - Essay Example If the value of currency of a nation appreciates, then the value of its indebtedness in terms of foreign assets falls. This helps to improve the nations NFA situations and vice versa (Williamson, 2008). The nominal exchange rate (e) explains the amount of home currency (units) that can be purchased with a given unit of a foreign currency. Thus a rise in e refers to the depreciation or devaluation of the currency of a nation. On the other hand, the fall in e refers to the appreciation or evaluation of the currency of a nation. Real exchange rate is defined as the simple ratio of the price level (Pd) of the domestic currency and the price value of the foreign currency (Pf ). The real exchange rate of a nation (Q) = Pd/e*Pf , It refers to the amount of goods and services of a domestic country that can be purchased by a unit of money of a foreign nation (CNB, 2013). When analysts assess the changes in the exchange rates in the international trade, they rely more on the real exchange rate than nominal exchange rate. A real appreciation refers to a rise in the real exchange rate while a nominal appreciation refers to a decrease in the nominal exchange rate (Feenstra and Taylor, 2008). Relationship between Net Foreign Asset and Real Exchange Rate The relationship existing between the net foreign assets of a country and the real exchange rate has been a debatable issue of concern since 1920. If a steady state open economy model is considered, then the following relations can be established: tb = -r*b (1) (States that a steady trade deficit can exist in a nation = net investment income on net foreign asset position). rer = -Otb + ?X (2) (States that if the other factors in the economy (X) are... This paper stresses that the net external wealth of a nation relates to the balance of payment conditions of the country. The net foreign asset of a nation is the difference of the value of the asset owned by the nation from the rest of the world and the value of the asset of the country owned by the foreign countries in the world. The changes in the exchange rates of a nation largely influence the values of its foreign assets and liabilities. If the value of currency of a nation appreciates, then the value of its indebtedness in terms of foreign assets falls. This helps to improve the nations NFA situations and vice versa. When analysts assess the changes in the exchange rates in the international trade, they rely more on the real exchange rate than nominal exchange rate. A real appreciation refers to a rise in the real exchange rate while a nominal appreciation refers to a decrease in the nominal exchange rate. This report makes a conclusion that the traditional belief that the real exchange rate and NFA is inversely related is no longer feasible in the modern era, after the occurrence of globalization. A country in its economy can now always afford to encourage foreign direct investment and augment the level of its NFA. This is due to the fact that though the extent real exchange rate or currency value of the country would fall in the short run, the positive returns from the investments in the long run would substantially help the nation improve its real exchange rate. Therefore post-globalization, real exchange rate is assumed to have a positive relationship with NFA

Importance of teaching methods in graduate programs Essay

Importance of teaching methods in graduate programs - Essay Example In the University’s English program, teachers are highly qualified who hold great experience in teaching. They hold majors in English and have the expertise to bring quality education for students. Teachers are mostly native speakers which make them highly presentable and communicable. This is sufficient for international students as they get a chance to learn a foreign language in a native manner. At Guelph University, teachers are well trained in tutoring. They make the best use of text books, training guides and group works to bring comprehensive learning experience for students. Teachers also use the help of multimedia in assisting students to learn visually because students tend to remember and recall things quite well with the visual sightseeing. Collaborative learning practices are exercised in the university which helps them in deeper learning and understanding of a particular subject. The students also feel less isolated and enjoy study in groups which increases their interest tenfold. While performing in the group work the students are less burdened with work and tasks are divided.Teachers organize regular tutorial programs to enhance students writing and verbal communication skills. Moreover, they engage international students with Canadian locals, and this is to improve students’ interpersonal skill and talent. By doing so, international students have the opportunity to practice their vocal skills while communicating with Canadian speakers. It also develops better frequency of speaking in English.

Physical Science Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Physical Science - Assignment Example One such misconception is that the lakes and oceans are blue because they reflect the skies above. This is actually wrong. To address such misconception, the facts have to be stated clearly. In this case, it must strongly mentioned that the color of water is blue and not the reflection of clouds (Susan 57). In a completely uniform gravitational field, if there are no other forces, the gravitational forces exerts pressure on both sides of the body equally. This renders the object weightless, a condition that is also experienced when the gravitational field is zero. A body in free fall thus experiences zero gravity ( 0-g). An object dropped from the balcony of a building would be an example of a free fall (Susan 103) The terminal velocity also referred to as settling velocity of a falling object is the velocity of the object when the downward force of gravity (FG) acting on the object equals the sum of the drag force (Fd) and buoyancy . Since there is a zero net force on such an object, the object is said to have zero acceleration (Susan 57). As an object increases the speed, the drag force acting on the object, as a result of the substance it is passing through say air or water increases. The drag or force of resistance will eventually equal the gravitational pull on the object at some. At this exact point onwards, the object ceases to accelerate but rather falls at a relatively constant speed. The constant speed is referred to as terminal velocity. The drag force is pegged on the projected area. This explains why items with large projected areas relative to their mass, such as parachutes, have a lower terminal velocity than objects with a small projected area relative to mass, such as an arrow that has been shot (Susan 57) It means that I have about a total of 2635.3215 pounds of force pushing on my back at any other time.

Impact of Pastoralism on Political and Economic Organization

Impact of Pastoralism on Political and Economic Organization The Basseri community is one of the traditional ethnic groups in Iran who inhabits the Fars province. This tribe is illustrated as Persian and Arab and nomadic within a delineated territory. The Basseri community is one of the pastoral nomads who usually wander along the plains and hills near the Shiraz town. In the area where they migrate it is said to be best for agricultural activities as well as it is also the habitat of a wide variety of birds and animals to hunt. Actually, the place is referred to as the land of nomadic tribes. As stated above, the Basseri communities are pastoralist, (Ronald, 2006). Therefore, in this essay I will be analyzing how the pastoralist mode of life has impacted the social, political, and economic organization. To be more precise, I will be analyzing the economic, social and political organization of the Basseri community. It is argued that the Basseri is a delineated group who can be defined not by ethnic or geographical but rather political criteria. The exact number of the population in this community is the recent time is not known as research has not been carried out to establish this. But in 1950s, they were estimated the entire community was estimated to be about 16,000. The vernacular language of the Basseri is Farsi, although a remarkable number of them do speak Arabic or Turkish Economic organization. It is important to note that just like in any other pastoralist community, pastures are seen as being the most crucial part of the Basseri community. However, the pastures are not enough to support the large flocks of animals of the community. This explains why this community wanders along the plains efficiently and according to a set schedule. In most cases, there is no official division of labor when setting, ready to make a move, (Thomas, 2009). Although this community is on the move from one place to another throughout the year, it is argued that agriculture is the most crucial part of the community. The tribe has developed a way of life that enables them to maximize the use of seasonal pastures. Arguably, the nature of the climate that is found in the area they inhabit dictates that they perform artificial irrigation so as to support their agricultural activities during the dry season. It has been observed that the most common economic activities that are carried by the community are domestic work, animal raring, and daily cycles of migration. In this community, the principle of division of labor is well appreciated as it makes work easier. Division of labor is usually applies as work is distributed according to sex as well as age although circumstances may sometimes dictates that work be allocated to one sex or age, (Ronald, 2006). The animals that are kept by this community includes; horses which are used for riding more especially by men, donkeys which are used for simple transportation especially by kids and women, camels which are used for heavy transportation during migration, and dogs for guarding their herds during the night. Despite the fact that the community keeps a number of domestic animals, those of the greatest importance are the goats and sheep. Besides, the community also keeps poultry not for their eggs but specifically as source of meat. As mentioned above, the goats and sheep are highly valued by the Basseri more than any other animal specifically because of the milk, wool, meat and hides that they supply. It should be noted that in most cases, the animal products are consumed as soon as they are produced; although some may be preserved for future use, or as trade commodities. It is estimated that each and every household in the community owns about 120 goats and sheep and more than 8 donkeys. To some extent, trading can be considered as being one of the economic activities of the Basseri community. It is true that the community cannot produce all they need for themselves as they wander from place to place. Therefore, exchanging what they have for what they do not have is inevitable. Mostly, they trade with villagers and other communities who they encounter with on their way as they move from one place to another. Some of the goods which they trade in include; cash crops such as the dates and cotton, and other animal products, (Ronald, 2006). Moreover, they sometimes undertake animal hiring business in that they hire out their animals for transport. In exchange, they get from the villagers such goods as cereals for instance, barley which is one of their stable food. Other which they trade in includes craftsmanship products such as tent fixtures and some other household items. It should also be noted that when drought persisted for a long period, the Basseri are forced to r ent land from the villagers for grazing and water rights during migration period. Social Organization. Socially, this community is organized into small groups. The basic unit of social organization among the Basseri is known as the tent. Notably, a tent is a unit that is occupied mainly by a nuclear family. The tents in turn form the camp groups. Moreover, each and every tent represents a production as well as a consumption unit headed by a male individual. The occupants of tents act as political units which have rights over property within the community units, (Ronald, 2006). The combination of units to form a small herding groups whose combination depends on usefulness rather than kinship principles, is a common feature among the Basseri community. In the winter periods, a group of 3-6 tents of herding units form up small camps that are about 3-4 kilometers apart. Most of the historians assert that in the real sense, these camps form up the principal communities of the Basseri nomadic society. Kinship Among the Basseri, marriage is considered as being a very important social event that constitutes the entire household. It is a common thing that the authority to make marriage contracts lies on the hands of the head of the household or tent, (Khanam, 2008). Many a times, marriage takes between the ages of about seventeen and twenty for the female case but in males, it might happen at an older age. It is an obligation of the father to furnish his daughter with various items usually household items during the ceremony. To some extent, the father may also offer some animals such as goats and sheep to his son-in-law as an economic support to start his family. The obligation of the mothers of the couple is mainly to prepare a new home for the couple by entwining a new tent where the couple will be living after the marriage. Although the authority to make marriage contracts is within the powers of the head of a tent, the contract is in most cases presided over by a nontribal ritual specialist, or holy man, (Ronald, 2006). This contract is concluded by the bride-payments for the girl on top of the domestic tools she is expected to bring to her in-laws. According to this community, the newly married couples have equal rights as far as decision making is concerned. The two individuals sit down together and discuss on family issues and how they should raise their family in order to fit in the community. Beliefs and Values The Basseri are one of the Shia Muslims who adheres to the teachings of the Islam religion. However, some of them are not very much aware of the beliefs of Muslims, ceremonies and customs. This is so because they tend to differ from other Muslim over the events and divisions of the Muslim year, although sometimes they are influenced by other villagers who they encounter while in movement from one region to another, (Khanam, 2008). It has also been noted that they are not strict in observing some Islamic customs even though they are aware of them. For instance, this community rarely celebrates Islamic feasts. In fact, even the most common feasts of Ramadan and Moharram are observed by not many Basseri. When it comes to rituals, they are usually associated with the life cycle of the people more than the Islamic teachings, that is, from birth to death Gender relations As stated earlier, although the distribution of authority is fairly equal, men are considered as the head of their families once they start their families. A female can only be considered to be the head of her family if only she is a window, (Khanam, 2008). Work is also distributed in terms of sex. Female and children undertake domestic chore while men take care of the animals and provide security for their families. It is as well, the work of men to provide water and wood for the family. Sickness and Healing It is very rare for a Basseri to fall sick majorly because of the kind food they eat. Because of the kind of life they live, these people mostly take natural plants and animal products which help to boost their immunity system. However, the community has medicine-men who are specialists in treating the sick. In most cases these specialists uses natural medicine which they obtain from natural herbs. Social Change There are some remarkable changes that have been occurred among the Basseri community over time. This may be majorly due to the different people with different modes of cultures who they encounter in their migrations. Therefore, there are some things that they have copied from these communities and they have also influenced these communities in one way or another. For example, from the very beginning the community was known to be purely pastoralists who their needs were met from their animals, (Thomas, 2009). However, with time they have learnt to also plant some crops to supplement their diet and also as a source of food for their animals during the dry season. It is also argued that trading was never one of the economic activities among the Basseri people. They have only learnt this activity from other communities more especially the villagers who sometimes offer their pastures for the Basseri animals in exchange for animal products such as hides and milk. Unlike most of the nomadic communities more especially in the East Africa who were independent and autonomous, the Basseri formed the Khamseh Tribal Confederation which was also a part of the elite urban merchants. With time, this community have come to be independent in one way or another because of the decisions which they make which are generally based on the circumstances and also the needs that they have as per that time and not according to the requirements of the confederation. Arguably, there have been a lot of changes in the social structure of this community over time. It is important to note that inter-marriages in the community were never prohibited. As a result, a number of the Basseri community members have been assimilated by other communities majorly due to intermarriage, (Khanam, 2008). This has also led to the changing roles between the males and females. In the current times, it is normal for a woman to undertake what is considered as a mans job and vice versa. Political organization In this community, a centralized type of government is used in administration. A chief is the single leader of the Basseri who has supreme authority over the entire community, (Khanam, 2008). The functions of the chief includes; collection and storage of goods in the community, planning and directing how the community should take its production activities, and ensuring that the behavior of the people is as per the norms and beliefs of the community. The Basseri are grouped into smaller units called tribes or chiefdoms. The smaller groups are usually headed by a leader who is usually recognized by the chief. These tribes or chiefdoms forms the formal institutions that are used to unify the dispersed groups. According to this community, leadership depends on the lineage clans. This means that one becomes a leader if only his parents or clan comes from the leadership background. The chief draws his powers from the headmen (Katkhoda) who he sometimes, gives precious goods as gifts. The headmen are very influential people than any ordinary man because they are privileged to deal directly with the chief, (Thomas, 2009). These headmen come from the various political units (Tents). As mentioned early, leadership among the Basseri is hereditary. This explains why the son of the Basseri is always considered to be a Basseri even if his mother may be from a different tribe. As such, there is some kind of stratification of the society according to the different levels of power and prestige. In many nomadic communities, raiding is a very common phenomenon because they belief that all the animals belongs to them. However, among the Basseri community this is not the case. They prefer co-existing peacefully with their neighbors who they encounter as they wander from place to place. This explains why they prefer an arbitration mode of conflict resolution whenever there is a misunderstanding between either the community members or the community and another community. There are different modes of dealing with those who are found to have broken the code of behavior that is accepted in the community, (Khanam, 2008). This will include imposition of fines whereby the offender is supposed to pay a certain amount of agricultural products, and to the extreme one may be disowned by the community members, a decision which is made by the Chief who is the supreme authority in this community. Conclusion The Basseri community can be described from various viewpoints that are common in almost all the nomadic communities. For instance, almost all these communities have a similar form of political and social organization. However, due to the surrounding communities and the environment the community has come to change their life-styles in one way or another. This explains the various changes that have been observed in the Basseri community in the recent times.

Animal Farm-The hunger for power Essay

The Hunger for Power In kindergarten, many usually want to be the line leader. For some, leadership comes naturally and taking charge of things is what they like to do. For others, it is easier to stay in the shadows and let other people lead. However, this leads to problems when one person or group pirates power and uses it to one’s advantage. In the novel, Animal Farm, the author, George Orwell, creates a story where animals revolt and expel their neglectful owner, Farmer Jones, from the farm. The pigs slowly start to form a dictatorship and rule over the other animals. They make up rules that benefit the pigs alone. Two pigs that fight for power, Snowball and Napoleon, begin to use fear and manipulation to get what they want while they still stay in favor of the animals. Pretty soon, the pigs start to adopt Farmer Jones’ ways. They start to become more like the humans that they learn to fear and hate at the beginning of the revolution. In the novel Animal Farm, George Orwell uses the lit erary devices of symbolism, foreshadowing, and metaphors to demonstrate the theme of hazards of dictatorship. There are many symbols in Animal Farm. The novel is an allegory, or a symbolical narrative, that reflects on the problems of the dictatorships of Czar Nicholas II and Joseph Stalin. Soon after the revolution, Napoleon starts to take charge over the other animals. â€Å"Napoleon was a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar†¦with a reputation for getting his own way† (Orwell 16). Napoleon gets his own way, especially with the help of the fierce dogs he raises to do exactly what he wants. This symbolizes how Stalin uses fear and intimidation, of his secret police, to get what he wants out of the people he rules over. It also helps that Napoleon is a pig, and in the novel, the pigs are known to be the smartest of the animals. Pretty soon, the pigs start to take advantage of the animal’s stupidity. â€Å"The pigs did not actually work, but directed and supervised the others† (Orwell 27). Here, the pigs manipulate the animals to think that the pigs are in charge, because they are the smartest and the brainwork of the farm. This represents how Stalin uses his propaganda, like Napoleon uses Squealer, to persuade the people that they need to work harder for the benefit of the new government because it is good for everyone in the end. In reality, it is not good for everyone. In the novel, the animal’s hardwork benefits the pigs alone. There is â€Å"evident weakness and vanity at  the core of the pig dictatorship† (Letemendia 129). V.C. Letemendia, author of â€Å"Revolution on Animal Farm,† describes the definite lack of unity and equality in the animals’ new government. Whenever the pigs manipulate the animals and trick them to do or think a certain way, it is for the pigs’ own good, not the good of the whole farm. That is the weakness this author describes in his work. Dictatorship corrupts because of the vanity and greed of the dic tators. The pigs, as dictators of the other animals, use manipulation to benefit only themselves and their wants. The pigs set themselves above all the other animals. They think they get special treatment and discredit the other animals even though they do all the work on the farm. The pigs counter this argument and claim they are the brainwork of the farm. The pigs start to trick the animals, and slowly, they lead them under their power. At first, the pigs and the other animals seem unified, but then the equality they portray with the animals starts to rapidly diminish. As a reader, one can foreshadow things to come in the novel, especially when the pigs slowly lead the other animals under their power and dictatorship. The pigs and the animals no longer seem equal as the pigs start to manipulate the animals to do what they want. The pigs start to take advantage of the stupidity of the other animals. They also start to claim certain privileges over the other animals, and to prove that they deserve these privileges, they use their convincing pig Squealer. â€Å"†¦the milk and the windfall a pples should be reserved for the pigs alone† (Orwell 36). Here, the pigs request privileges that benefit only themselves. This predicts that the pigs become more like leaders over the other animals just like Farmer Jones. The more the pigs set themselves above the other animals, the more one can predict that the pigs’ power eventually assists them when they become dictators. Old Major, the wise old pig, warns the animals about the possible rise of a single power if the animals do not follow the commandments. â€Å"Above all, no animal must ever tyrannise over his own kind. Weak or strong, clever or simple, we are all brothers†¦All animals are equal† (Orwell 11). Old Major, who is very wise, predicts that if the animals do not come to understand that they are all equal, and they are all â€Å"brothers†, then they will not successfully uphold their dignity and the dignity of all the animals. Old Major warns of a tyranny of one kind of animal over the other types of animals. The pigs form a dictatorship and believe they are  above everyone else because they are the smartest. Even though the pigs use their power over the other animals, the animals still rely on the pigs because they are not very smart. The pigs think they need to step in and take over the role of the smartest leaders. â€Å"The increasingly tyrannous doings of the pigs who run the farm†¦flawless reciprocal trust or all perish together† (Ridenour 39). Louis Ridenour, author of Animal Farm is an Amusing and Alarming Novel, describes how the tyranny of the pigs who overpower the other animals increases throughout the novel. The pigs start with something small, and they take the privilege to eat any of the apples away from the other animals. Then, pretty soon, the animals enter servitude under the pigs. Dictatorship corrupts because of the vanity and greed of the dictators. This shows how the pigs, as dictators of the other animals, use manipulation to benefit only themselves and their wants. They start to trick the animals, and slowly, they lead them under their power. The pigs demand special privileges for themselves and they start to tyrannize over the other animals until the animals pretty much do their work for barely enough food to keep them alive. Even though wise Old Major warns the pigs, they do not heed his words and instead the meaning of, â€Å"All animals are equal,† goes to waste when the pigs turn it around and make rules and privileges to benefit the pigs’ selfish wants† (Orwell 11). The pigs’ greed for power shows when they start to follow in the footsteps of the human, Farmer Jones, who they successfully overthrow in the animals’ revolution. The hostile gap between animals and humans clearly shows in Orwell’s novel, especially during the revolution on animal farm. The animals’ enemies are the humans, and vice versa, because each group covets the other group’s power. They each want that power for themselves. Both the pigs and the humans show a hunger for power and dictatorship. â€Å"†¦pigs and humans may come to look the same at the end, but they are still essentially enemies and share only a greed for power† (Letemendia 133). V.C. Letemendia, author of â€Å"Revolution on Animal Farm,† is describing the greed and overuse of power both the humans and the pigs come to have. Each are victims of greed and selfishness. They are not enemies of eachother, but rather, they are enemies of greed and want of the other group’s power. Orwell depicts the hostility between the animals and humans very well. He states, â€Å"All men are enemies. All animals are comrades† (Orwell 10). The animals think that to work well together and be â€Å"comrades,†Ã‚  one has to be an animal. Animals can never be friends to humans because they are evil, and therefore an animal must always consider humans as enemies. Part of the reason the animals are hostile to the humans is because Farmer Jones does not treat the animals with respect, and instead he neglects his duties to take care of the animals. When his neglect goes too far, the animals rebel against him and establish themselves as the power and therefore take the responsibility of the farm. The animals, under their oppressor Farmer Jones, are miserable and want to end their hardships. After the revolution, they simply go back to their miserable ways when the pigs form a dictatorship and become the animals’ new oppressors. â€Å"No animal in England is free. The life of an animal is misery and slavery: that is the plain truth† (Orwell 7). Orwell compares the lives of the animals with the misery and slavery they are forced to endure under their many oppressors who are Jones and the pigs. The animals never know freedom because of the constant dictatorship of their many oppressors, humans and animals. The animals think their enemies are only Jones and all humans, when in reality, their true enemies are the dictators that rule over them and the greed those dictators have for power. The animals’ lives consist of fear for themselves, and of course, fear of the slavery they must endure. Constantly they endure many toils and hardships under their irresponsible oppressors. The animals, under their cruel dictators, do not realize their lives will be better if Jones becomes their owner again. They are very confused because of the persuading words of the pigs, that they do not even remember when Jones became their owner. George Orwell, author of Animal Farm, uses the literary devices of symbolism, foreshadowing, and metaphors to present the theme of hazards of dictatorship. The pigs symbolize dictators, such as Joseph Stalin, who use their power to benefit only themselves and their wants. Just like Stalin and other dictators, the pigs set themselves above all the other animals. Pretty soon, the pigs start to take advantage of their intelligence, and the animal’s stupidity. They use fear and manipulation to achieve the power that they want. This represents how Stalin uses his propaganda to persuade the people that they need to work harder for the benefit of the new government because it is good for everyone in the end. When a dictatorship occurs, the ones of lesser importance or the ones with less power are not treated with respect or dignity. They are cheated, their  rights are abused, and their oppressors use manipulation to remain with power. The pigs demand special privileges for themselves and they start to tyrannize over the other animals. One can realize the pigs’ hunger for power when they start to follow the ways of Farmer Jones, who they want to successfully overthrow in the animals’ revolution. The hostility between the animals and humans clearly shows in Orwell’s novel, especially during the revolution. The animals, at the start of the novel, are hostile to Farmer Jones and his power over them. The animals, under their oppressor Farmer Jones, are miserable and want to end their hardships. They think they are better off without the dictatorship of their master. After the revolution, the animals simply go back to their miserable ways when the pigs form a dictatorship and become the animals’ new oppressors. In Animal Farm, Orwell believes that all revolutions come to fail. When a revo lution occurs, the original power is overthrown, and maybe for a while, the group as a whole work together for the good of everyone. Then, as every group with a goal must have a leader, dictatorship is established and the group falls back into the state of oppression once more.

What would be the Global Benefit?

The gap between the ‘haves’ and the ‘have nots’ has been growing steadily over time. The statistics are heartrending. Of the world’s adult population, 2% own greater than 50% of the world’s household wealth. Additionally, the upper 1% of the world’s adult population, as of the year 2000, owned about 40% of all the worlds’ assets. Further, 10% of the world’s richest people account for 85% of the world’s wealth. Sadly, the bottom 50% of the world’s adult population only manages 1% of the world’s wealth.These statistics can only be described as dismal (Davies, Sandstrom, Shorrocks & Wolff, 2006). According to the World Economic and Social Survey carried out in the year 2006, the growth of the world’s developing countries is dependent on domestic policies as well as the regional environment and global economic environment (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Since it was found that developing c ountries are growing at a much less rate than their developed counterparts as far as technological advances are concerned, changes need to be made to make growth and development feasible.These developing countries are finding it difficult to come up with new activities that will strengthen the countries economy (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Some of the changes that need to be made include the following: There is a need for macroeconomic stability with does not just mean low inflation, but includes the avoidance of fluctuations in business cycles as well as financial crises and external imbalances. This will increase investment and encourage growth within the country (Reducing International Inequality, 2006).The developing countries will also need to create new institutional reforms, guarantee property rights and create new markets. Institutional frameworks and regulations that are needful for the flourishing of markets must also be provided. The necessary public resourc es to ensure a thriving market should be put in place and rules must be fair across the board (Reducing International Inequality, 2006). Globalization has done a great job of opening up governments to the idea of a free-market. This in turn has opened up new opportunities in global trade as well as investment.With new markets comes a new potential for production to meet the demand, hence more income for the individual and the country (What is globalization? ). Globalization may help reduce the economic imbalances by renegotiating barriers that may be there in commerce, thereby establishing favorable agreements that will encourage trade in services, goods and investment. This is great for fostering foreign partnership with different corporations setting up shop in a developing country of choice bringing, employment opportunities and skills transfer to the people of the land which they can use in the future.This then increases their household wealth and raises the standards of the peo ple closing the inequality gap. Technology also has a great role to play. The internet for instance has made it possible for many people in developing countries to engage in e-commerce (What is globalization? ). This has transformed the economic lives of many people, especially computer literate youth. The advantages of information technology are vast and touch the lives of investors, consumers and businesses. People in any nation are able to learn about opportunities in a timely manner, which allows them to pursue the said opportunities faster.Additionally, the analysis of economic trends is faster. Collaboration and communication with partners in far away countries is instant and assets can be transferred at the click of a button. All these are ways that globalization opens up developing countries to opportunities all over the world and if maximized, these opportunities can lead to economic uplifting. (What is globalization? ). One cannot forget those that have no access to the in ternet though, or cannot afford it. According to the World Development Report 2007, majority of the worlds poor depend on agriculture for their livelihood.75% of the poor people in the world live in rural areas, of these 86% are dependent on agriculture (Boyne, 2007). Therefore one cannot speak of the development of wealth equality without addressing the issue of agriculture. According to this report, in order to meet the millennium development goal of reducing poverty and hunger by 50% by the year 2015 in these poor developing countries, agricultural development is a must. In order to make agriculture the mainstay of rural development it is important that the local authorities in any country make the environment suitable and supportive.Additionally, fair rules trade both nationally and internationally must be established, mitigating climatic changes as well as adopting to them and benefiting the poor (Boyne, 2007). The US being counted among the developed and richest countries in t he world is often called upon to assist or give aid to countries that are less fortunate. The money used for such funding is gained from the American tax payer. If the nations of the world were more stable due to equality in wealth distribution, it goes without saying that many of those countries would require only a fraction of the said funding or none at all.The US could then use the funds to carry out other projects or fund social programs such as welfare for those within the country that need the help. Additionally, social security funds would not be used to fund other programs leading to a deficit and fear as the baby boomers reach retirement age. More funding would go into research, fortifying the military or homeland defense, as well as many other projects that would be beneficial to the country. This would ease political tensions and bickering and allow elected officials to work without distraction.Internationally, it would enable to worlds countries to interact as equals. T he dominance asserted by the nations lending aid to poor countries would cease. This would reduce anti American sentiment in many of these poor nations. The opening of global markets is the best way to deal with the issue of unequal wealth distribution. Setting fair international trade regulations will be of great benefit towards this endeavor and agriculture, the main livelihood of the very poor, must be addressed.Benefits of this will be enormous to the US as it will enable the country to retain majority, if not all donor funds which can then be utilized for the benefits of the American people, who earned the money in the first place. References Boyne, I. (2007, October 21). Investment, Inequality Growing Globally. Global Policy Forum. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2007/1021invest. htm Davies, J. B. , Sandstrom, S. , Shorrocks, A & Wolff,E. N. (2006, December 5). The world distribution of household wealth.World Institute for Develop ment Economics Research of the United Nations University (UN-WIDER). Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2006/1206unufull. pdf Reducing international inequality – UN report. (2006, July). Global Policy Forum. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalpolicy. org/socecon/inequal/income/2006/0715southbulletin. htm What is globalization? Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved March 27, 2009. http://www. globalization101. org/What_is_Globalization. html? PHPSESSID=359a52eea34f319e3d9e49a50fe9ae0e

Free Essays on Artist Report

The painting that I chose was Masaccio’s, â€Å"The Tribute Money†. In this painting, Masaccio displays his mastery of the human form. All of his figures stand in perfect contraposition giving them an easy, natural look. The story told in this painting is done in three parts, in â€Å"continuous narration.† In the middle of the picture, Christ (the central figure) instructs Peter (wearing blue and orange) to catch a fish, whose mouth will contain the money the tax collector demands. At the far left of the scene, Peter grabs the fish and takes the tribute money from its mouth. He then pays the tribute to the tax collector on the far right. â€Å"Masaccio achieves perfect perspective in this fresco by directing the viewer’s eyes to the central vanishing point located behind Christ’s head† (Arts and Culture, Benton, pg 301). â€Å"The architecture, unlike the figures, is not monumental in scale, as it would distract from the drama of the scene illustrated. The landscape background shows the use of aerial perspective and consistent lighting. The Tribute Money is an example of Masaccio’s mature work, demonstrating full accomplishment of his revolutionary new Renaissance style. The vanishing point for the linear perspective in this work focuses on Christ’s head. This point was considered to assist in drawing together all aspects of the painting (landscape, houses, and figures) in spatial unity. â€Å"All lines on the buildings in the right of the picture follow the orthogonals to the vanishing point. A mathematical division called caesura structures the painting. These are based on musical scales, and the first caesura falls upon Christ† (Mifflin, Houghton. Tribute Money by Masaccio, February 12, 2003. http://college.hmco.com/history/west/mosaic/chapter 7/image92.html) The figures in The Tribute Money are individualized. Masaccio’s figures are constructed through an observational and anatomical approach. The bodie... Free Essays on Artist Report Free Essays on Artist Report The painting that I chose was Masaccio’s, â€Å"The Tribute Money†. In this painting, Masaccio displays his mastery of the human form. All of his figures stand in perfect contraposition giving them an easy, natural look. The story told in this painting is done in three parts, in â€Å"continuous narration.† In the middle of the picture, Christ (the central figure) instructs Peter (wearing blue and orange) to catch a fish, whose mouth will contain the money the tax collector demands. At the far left of the scene, Peter grabs the fish and takes the tribute money from its mouth. He then pays the tribute to the tax collector on the far right. â€Å"Masaccio achieves perfect perspective in this fresco by directing the viewer’s eyes to the central vanishing point located behind Christ’s head† (Arts and Culture, Benton, pg 301). â€Å"The architecture, unlike the figures, is not monumental in scale, as it would distract from the drama of the scene illustrated. The landscape background shows the use of aerial perspective and consistent lighting. The Tribute Money is an example of Masaccio’s mature work, demonstrating full accomplishment of his revolutionary new Renaissance style. The vanishing point for the linear perspective in this work focuses on Christ’s head. This point was considered to assist in drawing together all aspects of the painting (landscape, houses, and figures) in spatial unity. â€Å"All lines on the buildings in the right of the picture follow the orthogonals to the vanishing point. A mathematical division called caesura structures the painting. These are based on musical scales, and the first caesura falls upon Christ† (Mifflin, Houghton. Tribute Money by Masaccio, February 12, 2003. http://college.hmco.com/history/west/mosaic/chapter 7/image92.html) The figures in The Tribute Money are individualized. Masaccio’s figures are constructed through an observational and anatomical approach. The bodie...

Free Essays on Ralphie Pillar

The Importance of Ralphie in Nights Below Station Street Throughout David Adams Richards Nights Below Stations Street, Ralphie Pillar lives up to his name. In a chaotic community, Ralphie is honest and kind. He helps out so many people with his good heart and genuine personality, without even realizing it. By being himself, Ralphie emerges as the true hero in this novel. Throughout the story Ralphie displays simple acts of kindness and humanity. His gentle presence and respect for people make others feel comfortable. His relationships with his sister, Vera, his girlfriend, Adele, and her father, Joe Walsh, specifically show us his character. Vera is Ralphie’s older sister and is in her mid-twenties. Growing up she wasn’t very popular, â€Å"Vera always seemed to be alone. Ralphie would watch her coming up the lane, as a schoolgirl carrying her books in her arms, with her big round glasses fogged up and snow falling on her hair† (Richards, 92). Like many people in this novel, Vera never really felt like she fit in. She was an outsider without many friends, â€Å"she was always looking for new friends† (Richards, 92). During these years, she and Ralphie weren’t enemies, but they weren’t really close either. Vera was teased not only by other kids as a child, but by her father, â€Å"She stayed at home. She never went out anywhere. Sometimes her father would get angry with her and tease her about being stuck in the mud† (Richards, 92). While at University, Vera’s relationship with her mother started to deteriorate. She wanted to bring her black boyfriend home for the holidays, which infuriated her mother. This is when Vera turned to Ralphie. Instead of writing letters home, she wrote to Ralphie, â€Å"Vera could only write to him† (Richards, 97). In these years of turmoil, Ralphie was loyal to both sides; he never argued with or against his mother or sister. He loved each of them and basically kept the family together. ... Free Essays on Ralphie Pillar Free Essays on Ralphie Pillar The Importance of Ralphie in Nights Below Station Street Throughout David Adams Richards Nights Below Stations Street, Ralphie Pillar lives up to his name. In a chaotic community, Ralphie is honest and kind. He helps out so many people with his good heart and genuine personality, without even realizing it. By being himself, Ralphie emerges as the true hero in this novel. Throughout the story Ralphie displays simple acts of kindness and humanity. His gentle presence and respect for people make others feel comfortable. His relationships with his sister, Vera, his girlfriend, Adele, and her father, Joe Walsh, specifically show us his character. Vera is Ralphie’s older sister and is in her mid-twenties. Growing up she wasn’t very popular, â€Å"Vera always seemed to be alone. Ralphie would watch her coming up the lane, as a schoolgirl carrying her books in her arms, with her big round glasses fogged up and snow falling on her hair† (Richards, 92). Like many people in this novel, Vera never really felt like she fit in. She was an outsider without many friends, â€Å"she was always looking for new friends† (Richards, 92). During these years, she and Ralphie weren’t enemies, but they weren’t really close either. Vera was teased not only by other kids as a child, but by her father, â€Å"She stayed at home. She never went out anywhere. Sometimes her father would get angry with her and tease her about being stuck in the mud† (Richards, 92). While at University, Vera’s relationship with her mother started to deteriorate. She wanted to bring her black boyfriend home for the holidays, which infuriated her mother. This is when Vera turned to Ralphie. Instead of writing letters home, she wrote to Ralphie, â€Å"Vera could only write to him† (Richards, 97). In these years of turmoil, Ralphie was loyal to both sides; he never argued with or against his mother or sister. He loved each of them and basically kept the family together. ...

Harvard Business Review Competitive Forces Paper Essay - 1

Harvard Business Review Competitive Forces Paper - Essay Example In the context of each organization IT can be both an advantage and a disadvantage in regard to a firm’s competitiveness. The specific role of IT is presented below using examples, as appropriate, for making the relevant views clearer. 2. IT and Porter’s Five Forces on competition 2.1 How IT is intertwined with the effects of Porter's "Five Forces" on competition in a company's industry The Five Forces theory of Porter promotes the idea that in order to survive in its industry a company should identify a strategy for facing effectively five forces: a) the threats related to new entrants, b) threats from substitute products, c) the pressures from suppliers, d) the pressures from customers and e) the increasing competition within the industry (Roy 2011, p.26). In practice, it has been proved that in each organization IT could be intertwined with the effects of these Forces. IT could play this role in two different ways: it could either set in risk a company’s compe titive advantages or it could promote these advantages securing the competitiveness of a company. In fact, it seems that in each company IT can influence the performance of the company in regard to the management of all Forces, as including in the Porter’s Five Forces model. Reference should be made primarily to the potentials of IT to provide to firm critical information in regard to the local or the global market (Roy 2011, p.7). By having access to such information managers can identify strategies that can help the firm to face effectively all industry’s forces, as these forces are included in Porter’s Five Forces. For example, information on substitute products available in the market can lead a firm to make appropriate improvements on its existing products so that its market competitiveness is secured (Roy 2011, p.7). 2.2 Description of five specific areas where IT represents a risk to a company's competitive advantage - how IT affects these advantages IT c an set a firm’s competitive advantages into risk. Reference can be made, as an example, to the following areas of an organization: a) Internal communication networks; in most organizations, internal communication is based on IT systems (Naunheim 2011, p.1). The phenomenon is more intensive in organizations of medium/ large size where e-mail is used as the key tool of communication in the workplace (Naunheim 2011, p.1). Ineffective IT systems can cause severe communication problems among employees resulting to the delay or even the failure of organizational tasks (Naunheim 2011, p.1); b) Development of new products/ services; the competitiveness of all organizations is depended on their ability to create products/ services that will have an advantage compared those to the competitors’ (Dosi, Teece & Chytry 1998, p.216). However, in practice not all firms are able to develop such products/ services especially in the long term (Dosi, Teece & Chytry 1998, p.216). This weak ness has been made clear in the following case: IBM had been already a successful company when Apple appeared (Dosi, Teece & Chytry 1998, p.216). Still, it was Apple that managed to conquer the global market by emphasizing on personal computer’s capabilities, even more than IBM, the firm that first introduced the specific device (Dosi, Teece & Chytry 1998, p.216); c) Manufacturing process; today, the major part of each firm’s manufacturing processes is based on IT systems; however, the IT systems used in such activities are not always

Interim Report for an action research Assignment

Interim Report for an action research - Assignment Example How does learning Arabic impact their education and life outcomes? The third purpose of the action research has to do with the ways that I can personally improve the process of teaching Arabic as a second language to students who are not native speakers of Arabic. The key data observation method is observation from the field, with my classroom as the field of observation, and my students and myself as the subjects of the study, relative to the learning and teaching of Arabic as a second language to non-native speakers. From the observations with another teacher of the Arabic language, Qassem, I am able to find out that there are several shortcomings at present with regard to the way we teach Arabic as a second language. These shortcomings are not failures in themselves, but are areas for improvement, derived from daily experience. These observations have led me to craft a new teaching method that I will call â€Å"correct me†. The details of that new and evolving teaching technique follow in the next section. The new technique hopefully is able to cover Arabic language learning in its various aspects: reading, speaking, writing and listening. The â€Å"Correct Me† teaching method is straightforward, but involves a keen interest in student learning, and an alert presence. At the heart of it is an intent listening and a willingness to give oneself to the students so that they may learn. This technique has two aspects. One aspect involves me making real-time corrections to student mistakes in speaking and writing Arabic. The technique involves an alert presence so that the teacher is able to spot mistakes. The second aspect involves students forming groups, and being present to one another as they converse and write in Arabic, correcting their peers as they make mistakes. For feedback, my intention is to survey students at the end of a class to find out how they find this new teaching technique: if they like it, if they are benefitting from it, and what